Ruth Bader Ginsburg A Victim Of Gender Discrimination

Ruth Bader Ginsburg career did not begin as most individuals would image when considering that she now holds one of the highest positions in America; she has been met with many challenges and obstacles. Before becoming a Supreme Court justice, where she has used her position to fight gender discrimination, she herself was a victim of gender discrimination. Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born Ruth Joan Bader, on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York (Oyez, 2016). She is the second daughter of two Russian Jewish immigrants, her father Nathan, was a furrier in the prime of the Great Depression and her mother, Celia was a garment factory worker (Oyez, 2016). Ginsburg loved of knowledge originated from her mother, who forfeited her own education in order to send her own brother to college (Oyez, 2016). Celia instilled strong educational values in her daughter which fuel her determination to excel in school; at the age of fifteen she graduated from James Madison High School, unfortunately, t he day before her graduation ceremony her mother died from her battle with cancer (Oyez, 2016). Nevertheless, Ginsburg did not allow her mother passing to hamper her love of knowledge, continuing her educational quest at Cornell University, she not only attain her Bachelors of Art in government at the top of her class but also met her husband, Martin Ginsburg. Ginsburg decided to halt her academic success to start a family and after taking a few years off she returned to academia by enrollingShow MoreRelatedJustice Ruth Bader Ginsburg2646 Words   |  11 Pagesmovement has been a woman named Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Ruth faced gender discrimination many times throughout her career and worked hard to ensure that discrimination based on a person’s gender would be eliminated for future generations. Ginsburg not only worked to fight for women’s equality but fought for the rights of men, as well, in order to show that equality was a human right’s issue and not just a p roblem that women faced. Though she faced hardships and discrimination, Ruth never stopped working andRead MoreAffirmative Action Is A Policy1013 Words   |  5 Pagespeople see it as moral compensation, some as reverse discrimination. But what exactly is affirmative action and what is its purpose? Affirmative action is a policy that gives opportunities to minorities, women, and any group who has been subject to discrimination in the past. It is a set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future, such as applicants seeking admissionRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment3764 Words   |  16 PagesThe equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was at first created to protect against racial discrimination, but the Supreme Court later expanded the clause to also providing equal treatment amongst differe nt races. The clause says, â€Å"No state shall†¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (U.S. Constitution. Art./Amend. XIV, Sec. 1.) A person could not be discriminated upon solely because of his or her race and if the law treated aRead MoreFeminism And A Good Portion Of Women1624 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing treated less than their male coworkers. 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However, while this heightened level of scrutiny has drastically helped women, it has not been equal in its effect on men. Since CraigRead MoreWomen s Discrimination And Harassment2119 Words   |  9 PagesFor centuries, women in the U.S. military have had a tough time due to all the discrimination, harassment, and sexual assault just because our society’s fundamental belief is that going to war and protecting our homes is a man’s work. The discrimination and harassment occurs since women are entering an all-male dominated area, and are seen as â€Å"outsiders.† However, as a male in the AFROTC program, I have seen numerous well qualified women who can take charge and lead better than a lot of males canRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 Pages* * Comments | Gender Pay Gap | Are women paid fairly in the workplace? | March 14, 2008 †¢ Volume 18, Issue 11 | By Thomas J. 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Questions On Positive Accounting Theory Essay - 1479 Words

Answer=6 Positive accounting theory explains why any firm uses one type of accounting practice over the other. This theory tries to improve efficiency of the organisation by putting some mechanism for aligning interest of the manager of the firm with the interest of the owner. The objective of this mechanism is to minimise future agency cost. The Positive accounting theory provides guidelines to the firm about selection of accounting policy which is suitable for the firm with respect to efficiency perspective as well as opportunity perspective such as ï‚ § Organisation reaction when they adopt new accounting methods ï‚ § Which accounting policy will be adopted by firm under different circumstances e.g. political and economic ï‚ § Firms can practice greatest prospects for survival, so firms compose themselves all the more proficiently ï‚ § Positive accounting theory expect that managers of the firm select the most effective way to reveal the performance of the entity ï‚ § Intentional audits might be undertaken to reduce the perceived risks of stakeholders ï‚ § Mangers must be flexible when choosing accounting methods for the organisation and its estimates and predications based upon the following points: ïÆ'Ëœ Use that method with which future earning of the firm increase lead to increase in bonuses of the employees ïÆ'Ëœ That shows future earning in current period highlight stability and performance ïÆ'Ëœ In tough conditions managers try to transfer current year profit/ income to reduce tax and otherShow MoreRelated7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? 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In addition specific theories related to PAT namely agency and theRead MoreFinancial Accounting Theory the Reporting Environment1578 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 2: Topic 1: Financial Accounting Theory the Reporting Environment GHTHH Chapter 2 5. Researchers who develop positive theories and researchers who develop normative theories often do not share the same views about the roles of their respective approaches to theory construction. (a) How do positive and normative theories differ? (b) Can positive theories assist normative theories, or vice versa? If yes, give an example. If not, why not? 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This essay will clarify those two issues by using a Positive Accounting Theory perspective and examining a case study ‘Foster’s:Read MoreAccounting Theory and Practice Reflection Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesview the knowledge we learnt from accounting theory and practice, the main thing I can conclude that is the tendency of accounting will shift away from technical way to people’s behaviour way. By understanding what should do, we should ask why and how we could improve and change it into a better way. This essay aims to explain how the theoretical material that we learn in lectures can be developed under a real practical manner. When talking about accounting, the first thing we should know isRead MoreWhat Is Priori Research And Present Era1507 Words   |  7 Pages- In this paper the study examines the ‘Priori research’ role in accounting which covers history and present era. It has been declared in the year 1960 as a golden age. Over the period of time various critiques have criticized the piece of works cited. According to Nelson, there has been very slow progress from the year 1960 to now. He is also of the view that priori studies have values which may be considered doubtful. The other view given is by Dopuch and Revsine and they claim that work is full

INTB Free Essays

A consumer’s utility function is = XSL/eye/4, where x is the quantity of good x consumed and y is the quantity of good y consumed. The prices of the two goods are pix and pay, and the marginal utilities of the goods are Mix = (1 /4)x-3/eye/4 and MI-Jay = (3/4)xx/ay-1 ‘4. A) Derive the consumers demand for good x. We will write a custom essay sample on INTB or any similar topic only for you Order Now B) Discuss the concept of elasticity, with reference to the demand you derived in (a), and contrasting linear and constant elasticity demands. 4. You have been asked to analyze the market for steel. From public sources, you are able to find that last years price for steel was $20 per ton. At this price, 100 million tons were sold on the world market. From trade association data, you are able to obtain estimates for the own price elasticity of demand and supply on the world market as 0. 5 for supply and -0. 25 for demand, respectively. Suppose you know that demand and supply equations in the market are linear. Solve for the equations of demand and supply in this market. INTO 334 By arrival luxuries (L). The consumer’s tastes are represented by the utility function IS=FL. Food 2. Let income be I = 80, Pix=4, Pay= 1, and utility U = xx (with marginal utility MIX = y and MI-Jay = x). B) Now, let the price of x fall to 1 and the income fall to 50. Otherwise, there is no utility function is IS(x,y) = XSL /eye/4, where x is the quantity of good x consumed and y the marginal utilities of the goods are MIX = (1 /4)x-3/eye/4 and MI-Jay = (3/4)xx/ay-114. A) Derive the consumer’s demand for good x. Able to find that last year’s price for steel was $20 per ton. At this price, 100 million How to cite INTB, Papers

Needs of the Health Care Organization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the needs of the Health Care Organization. Answer: Introduction: The development of a systematic process includes many different phases like planning, analysis, development, maintenance and design. These processes are based on system analysis and design. System analysis is a process of collection and interpretation of facts, identification of problems and pasting of the components into the system. The main purpose of conducting a system analysis is to identify the objectives of the system. It is also used to solve the problems involving any components and to fix them ensuring efficient work to get the required outcome. System design is another process, which involves the planning of a new business system or replacing an existing business by knowing the components to satisfy the intended requirements. Before applying the planning process, the old system should be analyzed first before making any new plans. This report discusses about the system analysis and design of National Youth Mental Health Foundation in Australia. This report includes a stakeholder map, questionnaire addressing the stakeholders and a use case diagram of the organization. Discussion: National Youth Mental Health Foundation is supposed to provides mental health treatments to the age group of 12 to 25 (Rickwood et al., 2014). The healthcare organization is aiming to address the health needs of the population and to provide not just health related medications but also specialist care which will be intended for recovery and social inclusion (McGorry, Bates Birchwood, 2013). Stakeholder map: Stakeholder analysis is used in cases of resolution of conflicts, managing projects and business administration. It is used to know the impact of a decision on the associated parties. It is also used to know the assessment of the interests of these stakeholders, which are being implemented, in a project, policy or program (Missonier Loufrani-Fedida, 2014). The stakeholder analysis does not think about the concerns of one specific stakeholder but applies to ensure that the affected stakeholders are always ensured. Stakeholder mapping is a process that involves the presence of various discussions and debates used to determine the list of stakeholders who will be relevant to the organization, present in a list of the entire stakeholder community (Shirey, 2012). It consists of four different phases (Schiller et al., 2013). Identification: This section includes the various stakeholders that will be required for the organization. The various stakeholders are the internal and external. The internal stakeholders are further categorized to operations and executive. The external stakeholders are also categorized as operations and executive. For the external stakeholders, suppliers and patients fall under this category while the special interest groups associated with the healthcare falls under the operation stakeholders. In case of the internal stakeholders, nursing, researchers and communicator are grouped under the operational stakeholders while the board members, directors fall under the executive section of internal stakeholders. Analysis: This section references the various operations of the stakeholders provided in the previous section. The executive stakeholders are present to see the level of operation from an executive level while the operation stakeholders will only see the process as in an operational level. The suppliers and the patients are required for ensuring the effectiveness in operation of the concerned organization. The special interest groups also help to identify and address the main concerns of the organization. Nurses and other staffs responsible for health flow operations, help in maintaining the flow of operation in the organization while the board members takes executive decision depending on the outcome required. Stakeholders Contribution in the organization Legitimacy in use Influence in the market Willingness to engage with the organization Involvement in work External executive Medium Low Medium High Medium External operation Low Low Low Low Low Internal executive High High High High High Internal operation Medium High High Low Medium Mapping: This is the third section of stakeholder mapping process includes a set of steps where a pictorial presentation is shown of the various stakeholder groups. Fig: Stakeholder mapping (Source: Created by the author) Prioritizing stakeholders: This section includes the priorities of the various stakeholders regarding their needs in the healthcare organization. The external-operations stakeholders are the most prioritized stakeholders as the healthcare system depends on their patients. Next is the internal-operation stakeholder without whom the patients cannot get the desired care. The internal-executive stakeholder follows behind these, as the decisions are needed to get the outcome of the organization. The lowest prioritized stakeholders are the external-executive who are needed but their decisions do not directly affect the organization. Stakeholders Priority External-operation Very high Internal-operation High Internal-executive Medium External-executive Low Questionnaire: A questionnaire is a method intended for research, which consists of a sequence of questions for gathering certain information and responses (Patten, 2016). They are very advantageous to the maker of the questions as these normally do not include any types of surveys and are very cheap. However, questionnaire is limited to responses of the questions and might not be effective during a survey from a demographic population (Chau et al., 2012). This section includes a list of questions that are to be answered by a group of stakeholders. These questions are about the healthcare organizations regarding the environment, problem or the operations of the organization. These questions are given to the internal-operations stakeholders. What is the location of the site? When will the evaluation of the site happen? Is the environment suitable for a healthcare organization to operate? What is the population of that area? What is the statistics on mental health of the young audiences in the area concerned? What is the statistics regarding the presence of healthcare organizations in the area?What is the status regarding the gathering of the materials for construction? is there any need for mental healthcare organization in that area. What are the methods to be applied for promotions? When will the staffs be hired? Use case diagram: A use case is a process to determine the performance of the users on a certain website or organization. It is used to descript the point of view of the user in view of the system as a response is given to a request made (Almutairi et al., 2013). All the use case depicted in a total diagram is used to show a series of steps which begins with the goal of the user and ends when that goal is completed. Fig: Use case diagram of the healthcare organization (Source: Created by the author) Use case diagram is used to add information about the system and the process that will happen which also help the developer of the use case will diagram to foresee any things that may go wrong (Kulak Guiney, 2012). The use case diagram shown above is based on the process of healthcare organization. There are four use cases depicted which can be seen from above. The first use case includes the administrator. The administrator administrates the various policies of the healthcare organization. They are responsible for undertaking various policies whose effect falls on various operations. These administrators direct, manage and co-ordinate various services relating to the healthcare organization (Cooper, 2012). These administrators work to reduce costs and to increase the efficiency. The second use case is of the protocol maker. The requirements of the organization are analyzed by the protocol maker and then a new system is made that will address the specific needs of the organization. As the organization is responsible to provide mental health care, the protocols and services are made to address the requirements (Drummond et al., 2015). The protocol newly made is transferred to the physician to implement and accordingly patients are applied treatments based on that. The third use case refers to the physicians and their roles in the healthcare organization. The physicians are responsible for complying with the standards and policies made by the policy makers (Rebuge Ferreira, 2012). They are also responsible for applying care and diagnosis to the patients. The information that is received from these patients is recorded in the files of the organization. The physicians are also responsible for providing routine checkup to the patients. The last use case is of the patients. The patients are the most fundamental aspect for the organization. As the organization cannot survive without the presence of any patients, they are important for the healthcare organization to thrive (Boudreaux et al., 2014). The patients come for a routine checkup, which is performed by the physician. There information, which is collected by the physician, is also recorded in the healthcare organization. The use case of the physician is considered in this section. The kost important use case of the organization is the physician addresses. The physicians are responsible for complying with the standards and policies made by the policy makers. The physician is also responsible for providing diagnosis to the patients (Bates et al., 2014). The information that is received from these patients is recorded in the files of the organization. The physicians are also responsible for providing routine checkup to the patients. Basic flow: Diagnose Description The physicians take after the policies made by the protocol creator. The physician gives diagnosis to the patients. The information got from the patients are recorded and put away in the organization. The physician likewise gives routine checkup to the patients. 1 Physicians follow the policies. 2 The physicians provide diagnosis. 3 The information received is stored in the organizational files. 44 The physicians provide routine checkup. Termination outcome The diagnosis is done. Alternative flow (A): Diagnosis Description The physicians take after the policies made by the protocol creator. A1 The information is stored. A2 Diagnosed Termination outcome Patient is diagnosed Alternative flow (B): Routine check Description Patients are given checkup routinely. B1 Patient information is checked B2 Routine check is provided Termination outcome Routine check is done. Business rules: The information of the patient is collected Diagnosis is selected and provided complying with the basis of policies Routine checks are given Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded from the above report that the healthcare organization needs to analyze the stakeholder map and then visualize the importance of the various stakeholders in their organization. The questionnaire provided is to reference the fact that about all the questions that are to be answered before going on with the project. The use case diagram depicts the various relationships among the physicians, patients, policy makers and the administrators. The various relationships among them are also shown in the report. Thus, it is concluded that the healthcare organization needs to implement these decisions and then apply for the project to be made. References: Almutairi, S., Abu-Samaha, A., Bell, G., Chen, F. (2013, October). An enhanced use case diagram to model Context Aware Systems. InScience and Information Conference (SAI), 2013(pp. 270-274). IEEE. Bates, D. W., Saria, S., Ohno-Machado, L., Shah, A., Escobar, G. (2014). Big data in health care: using analytics to identify and manage high-risk and high-cost patients.Health Affairs,33(7), 1123-1131. Boudreaux, E. D., Waring, M. E., Hayes, R. B., Sadasivam, R. S., Mullen, S., Pagoto, S. (2014). Evaluating and selecting mobile health apps: strategies for healthcare providers and healthcare organizations.Translational behavioral medicine,4(4), 363-371. Chau, J. Y., Van der Ploeg, H. P., Dunn, S., Kurko, J., Bauman, A. E. (2012). Validity of the occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire.Medicine and science in sports and exercise,44(1), 118-125. Cooper, T. L. (2012).The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role. John Wiley Sons. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015).Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Kulak, D., Guiney, E. (2012).Use cases: requirements in context. Addison-Wesley. McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2013). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK.The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(s54), s30-s35. Missonier, S., Loufrani-Fedida, S. (2014). Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology.International Journal of Project Management,32(7), 1108-1122. Patten, M. L. (2016).Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge. Rebuge, ., Ferreira, D. R. (2012). Business process analysis in healthcare environments: A methodology based on process mining.Information systems,37(2), 99-116. Rickwood, D. J., Telford, N. R., Parker, A. G., Tanti, C. J., McGorry, P. D. (2014). headspaceAustralias innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting?.The Medical Journal of Australia,200(2), 108-111. Schiller, C., Winters, M., Hanson, H. M., Ashe, M. C. (2013). A framework for stakeholder identification in concept mapping and health research: a novel process and its application to older adult mobility and the built environment.BMC Public Health,13(1), 428. Shirey, M. R. (2012). Stakeholder analysis and mapping as targeted communication strategy.Journal of Nursing Administration,42(9), 399-403

5 Questions to Answer in Your University Book Review

5 Questions to Answer in Your University Book Review 5 Questions to Answer in Your University Book Review At first thought, it seems that there is no difference between a book review, book report and book summary. The only true fact is that all these types of writing deal with a book. However, among the three a book review has a special purpose to describe, analyse and evaluate books citing evidence and examples from the book in question. Many students are not sure that they’re on the right way while working on a university book review. As a result, they can get very low scores for it. Want to be highly assessed? Bring 5 questions into focus to answer them in your book review. 1.   Who is the Author of the Book? In a book review, you have to give credit to the author. The author’s name and background should be part of an introduction. You can also state the perspective from which the author wrote the book and evaluate if he or she was biased in favour of writing the book or not. Besides, focus on the question why the author wrote on this subject rather than on some other subject. 2.   What is the Thesis of the Book? A good book review has two theses the author’s thesis and your thesis based on how you understand the book. Concerning the authors thesis, you should explain whether he or she expresses it adequately in the book and by what means. Cite examples from the book to support your claims. Another thesis brings new insight into the book content and should help readers understand it from different perspectives. You can provide both   evaluations positive and negative. 3.   Was the Intended Message Delivered Effectively? Every book intends to carry a particular message to the audience. A clear message is meant to emerge from writing. It is your task as a student to determine what message the author intended to communicate and whether he/she effectively got across this message. Feel free to criticize anything that you feel the author didn’t capture perfectly. After all, that’s the essence of a book review be critical. To critically analyze and evaluate a book in your review! 4.   What are the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Book? A book review is not yet complete if you don’t highlight various strengths and weaknesses belonging to the book under consideration. It is recommended that you have a paragraph with each point. Cite evidence from the book by explaining them, otherwise, your book review won’t be reliable as required. For each weakness, you should provide a possible solution that can help improve the book. 5.   Is there an Alternative Way of Arguing the Same Idea? It is within the bounds of possibility that people can be on opposite ends. When it comes to a book review, don’t forget to demonstrate the other ways of presenting the same idea. Irrespective of whether the author argued his/her ideas effectively you should evaluate whether there are possible alternatives to it. State them and explain how each of them would have brought a whole new dimension into the book. There are a few basic questions that you have to answer when writing a university book review. We have highlighted them that you should pay attention to so that you’ll be able to write a really good book review. Another way to complete a review without being confused is to apply our custom writing service for buying book reviews online. Our academic writers are ready to help you out immediately you ask for assistance.

Complete Computer System essays

Complete Computer System essays The new Power Mac G4 is up to twice as fast as the fastest Pentium III-based PCs. With its Pentium-crushing speed and new design, the Power Mac G4 picks up where the old Macintosh (G3) left off. Its enclosure is now highly polished silver and graphite, yet it still offers easy access to every internal component through its swing-open side door. With PowerPC G4 with Velocity Engine, the computer speeds up to 450MHz, one megabyte of backside level-2 cache running at half the processor speed, and a 100MHz system bus supporting up to 800-megabytes-per-second data throughput, the Power Mac G4 delivers high performance. And when youve completed your projects, shooting those big files across the network is a snap, because every new Power Mac G4 comes with 10/100BASE-T Ethernet built in.This means that when you buy it, it is ready to go to get set up to your local cable internet provider. The secret of the G4s revolutionary performance is its aptly named Velocity Engine. Its the heart of a supercomputer miniaturized onto a sliver of silicon. The Velocity Engine can process data in 128-bit chunks, instead of the smaller 32-bit or 64-bit chunks used in traditional processors (its the 128-bit vector processing technology used in scientific supercomputers-except that they have added 162 new instructions to speed up computations). In addition, it can perform four (in some cases eight) 32-bit floating-point calculations in a single cycle, which is two to four times faster than traditional processors. The new G4s are proven to be faster that pentium 3s. Using six of Intels tests, the 450MHz G4 was, on average, more than two and a half times as fast as the 600MHz Pentium III (2.65 times, to be exact). These benchmark advantages translate directly into real-world advantages. For example, typical Photoshop tasks run 187% faster on the Power M ...

Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor Poorer Research Paper

Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor Poorer - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in the olden days, there were rich and there were poor, in the modern world we see people have different classes like rich and poor. But today the majority of the human race is facing a difficult time. This paper illustrates that the main reason of the difficulty is created by the man himself. Then we must have known what makes the two classes different from each other. Technology, homes, cars, etc are the dependable and viable commodities that are responsible to alter the class of a person. However, today, it is a commonly known fact that it is impossible for the poor to make steps towards changing their class, middle-class people are having difficulty in maintaining their economic position and rich are becoming richer. The present research has identified that most of the middle class is associated with the jobs and some researchers have the view that as the middle and lower level management are becoming less in number, more and more middle-class men are becoming jobless, that is becoming a huge reason of the degradation in the living standard of the middle-class persons. The author has rightly presented that the high-level jobs like assistant directors, assistant managers, etc lost them too. The similar case is with the low-level jobs like production jobs, the wages for such employs in underdeveloped to developed countries now a day is much lower as compared to the decline in the value of money. The production jobs are much valuable for the persons who have to work at extreme low wages when they have no job. In 1960, the low level employs are the member of a union that responsible for maintaining wages for the works but at the end of the year 1989 the union has only 17 percent members from the total production workers. The whole scenario has no or little impact on the large technology distributors and manufacturers, like Sony, Toyota, etc. These factories kept to produce the products according to their plans an d routine. Technology is also responsible for making the people poorer and rich richer, as if we consider a motor industry, during 1970, a Japanese based motor company required a time span of 24 hours to produce a vehicle (car) but now a day it takes not more the eight hours to produce a car by utilizing the robots instead of human workers. The robots replace the human workers and the persons who program and run the robots are quite less and no other person is thus required to performs the work like that of the robot. The economic condition of the middle class family is lowering day by day as the prices for the little luxuries like fuel, cost of food and medicine are rising, although technology is becoming cheaper but the cost of basic necessities are becoming higher. In this case it has become difficult for a middle class person to afford the luxuries without extra effort. According to sociologists unequal distribution of wealth has become a biggest reason of this sustainability. L ike the high level salaries of superstars, musicians, athletics, management payment and the rapid progress of financial sector etc. The taxes which are taken from high earners are very low and they are earning lot of money and paying a very small amount of tax. The departments which have already mentioned above are becoming rich with the passage of time. In the contrast the middle class people, who are doing common jobs, are giving high amount of tax of their salary as compared to the ratio of elite class.

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Book Review - Essay Example Additionally, it explains the social and cultural phenomena in relations to creativity philosophizing and critical thinking. The expands on the sharp insights, individuals wittiness and most importantly advice on personal development. Both the writer and the readers of this literary work overly must have critical thinking in relating to the whole concepts of the book. Example of critical ideas from this book is, â€Å"selling out is harder than it looks† (MacLeod 130)†. This implies that a dilution of your products marketing procedures will definitely make people like it well. Through this line of the book, critical commercial markets are competitive, and it is only through provision of outstanding products to the markets that will capture the attention of consumers. The book views life in a different dimension and the writer tends to believe that nobody abruptly discovers things, but things are made slowly in pain. This pain involved in the struggle for success is not physical thus; the writer blends his work with a bit of philosophical wise sayings. The writer believes in self-image of an i ndividual as the secret behind their successes. Each and everybody’s plans according to Hugh, should solely depend on them and not being discovered by the economically stable people or the ‘big shots’ as he puts it. Most people, in order to make it in life, always depend on others. Individually, you can easily make it in life. For instance, Hugh argues that avoiding a crowd ensures a uniquely and self-made struggling by different individuals. Doing the same thing as a crowd of 250000 people is definitely being lost in hopes thus looking forward to a miracle to happen (Macleod 137). Hugh believes that in the modern contemporary world, both socially and culturally miracles do not happen. Making it in life, therefore, is dependent solely on handwork and determination, albeit personal developments. Creative ideas, no

Consumer Behaviour (Conduct a literature review on the topic of Essay

Consumer Behaviour (Conduct a literature review on the topic of consumption meaning) - Essay Example Needs can only be identified and prioritized if we apprehend how consumers give meanings to those needs. This document analyzes the meaning that consumers give to consumption by examining various academic literatures. Consumers have a personal domain of knowledge which is nurtured and affected by their native habitat, social environment and culture. Their buying behavior is based on the intuitive knowledge that they possess in their personal repository. This knowledge gives them meaning and value. They ascribe these meanings to marketed products, services, images, ideas and experiences and behave on the basis of these meanings (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan 2004). Meaning can be defined as the extent to which a consumer holds something highly regarded and places a high value on it (Hirschman 1991). To have a better understanding of the term consumption meaning let us turn to semiotics, a branch of cultural anthropology focused on study of signs. A sign is anything that stands for something else (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan 2004). The sign can be communicated through a corporate logo or a brand symbol. â€Å"A brand is a sign for the field of meanings consumers integrate into their personal space to enhance, complement or transform themselves and their world† (Oswald 2003). For instance, a logo of â€Å"Nike† or the brand â€Å"Sony† represents as a sign to the consumers. Consumers perceive these products based on their own experience and are brands or products are given different meanings by different consumers. Semiotics is a three part system and it’s also called as semiotic triangle. It involves a sign, object and an interpretant. For example, Toyota a renowned automobile company would be the object, its logo or brand name would be the sign and â₠¬Å"reliable†, â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"long lasting† will be the interpretation regarding the brand â€Å"Toyota† made by different consumers. Each semiotic triangle exists within a particular cultural context

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay

Shakespearean Influence On The Lion King English Literature Essay Disneys classic movie, The Lion King, and Shakespeares tragic play, Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, have countless comparable aspects. Although William Shakespeare was alive many centuries prior to the movie, many of his elements seem to have rubbed off on The Lion King. Both are stories of a young prince who is torn apart by the premature death of his father. An evil uncle takes over the thrown that should rightly belong to the young prince. Both of the heroes overcome their own flaws and reservations, and attempt to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. After the deaths of the kings, Mufasa and King Hamlet reappear to their sons in the same way; via an apparition. Both of the kings visit their sons and give guidance that sets them into action. After seeing their sons lose their audacity and strength, they become personally offended by the idleness. Mufasa appears to Simba in the clouds, and tells him indirectly that he must rule over the Pride Lands in order to keep peace. Mufasa famously says, Look inside your self Simba, you are more than what you have become, you must take your place in the circle of life. Remember who you areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Remember. After being confronted by his father in the clouds, Simba gains the confidence necessary to face Scar in a battle for the throne. King Hamlet also appears to Hamlet as a ghost and urges his son to avenge his death. The King directly prompts Hamlet by saying Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.31). The appearances of the ghosts drive the princes to action, although King Hamlet directly states his perpetrator and Mufasa only alludes to it. The endings of both stories are exceptionally analogous. The uncles, Claudius and Scar, attempt to kill their nephews in the same fashion in which they originally killed the King.  Claudius attempts to poison Prince Hamlet, just as he poisoned  King Hamlet.  Scar tries to push Simba off of a cliff, the same way in which he killed Mufasa.   However, neither of these endeavors works.  It should also be noted that disloyalty is a theme in Hamlet as well as the Lion King. In the final battles, both villains loyal accomplice turns on them. Laertes betrays Claudius, telling Hamlet that it was Claudius who put poison in the goblet. Laertes last words are Thy mothers poisoned. I can no more. The King, the Kings to blame (V.ii.350-351). Also, the Hyenas turn on Scar after their years of loyal service. Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and The Lion King, are parallel stories of young princes whose uncles murder the King and take over the thrown that should rightly belong to the Princes. Hamlet and Simba overcome their own flaws and reservations to take back their beloved kingdom. The two stories are comparable in their general plot line, ghost appearances, and final scene. Although many of the classic Disney movies, including the Lion King, appear to be pure amusement for young kids, if one probes deep enough beneath the surface, metaphors, as well as connections to some of the greatest literature of all time can be revealed. William Shakespeare is unquestionably one of the most influential writers of all time, so it is not surprising that many of his most distinguished works, especially Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, are the basis of many contemporary works.

Transformation of Islam: Islam in the societies of Central Asia Essays

Arab conquest led to the spread of the Arabic culture within Central Asia, including the spread of the Arabic language as the state and literary language. However, from 700s the authority of Arab governors and military leaders declined, and the flowering of the literature in non-Arabic languages began under the rule of the Samanids and the Karakhanids. Non-Arab peoples adjusted the Islamic religion to their way of life. Therefore, this decline in the prestige of the Arabs in politics did not symbolize a failure of Islam, but represented a transformation of Islam in Central Asia. This paper will evaluate how the gradual changes in the social status of Arabs and non-Arabs from the 600s to the 700s affected development of Islam. In order to characterize the transformation of Islam, this essay will first look at the biographical notes of Ibn Sina. Then, Ferdowsi’s â€Å"Shahname† will be discussed. Last, Islam during the period of Turkic rules will be analyzed. As a result of the Islamization process, the Arabic language became an important element of the spiritual, political and social life of the conquered nations (Soucek, page 69). Islamization was accompanied by a transformation of the Arabic language and literature to popular and prestigious means of communication. Due to the fact that the Koran was written in Arabic and translation of holy texts was forbidden (Soucek, page 71), in order to understand Islam conquered tribes had to learn Arabic. Thus, they eventually became carriers of Arabic language and culture. Proficiency in Arabic was an important condition for well being, especially as guarantee of political success (lecture 2, week 4) and prosperity. Moreover, Arabic also became language through which scholars studied and wro... ...is not restricted only in Arabic. In general, to be Muslim in 600s was not the same as in 700s. If at 600s propagating Islam meant being ethnic Arab, and if not, strictly obeying shariah, comparatively, since 700s new elements in Islam began to emerge. Core concepts of Islam combined with ancestor’s cult, belief in omens, and belief in fire power formed new liberal Islam in Central Asia. This transformation is evident in ibn Sina’s works, which promoted Islam as a religion hospitable to science, in Ferdowsi’s â€Å"Shahname†, which offered an example of new form of Islam containing local elements, and in the Turks’ conversion to Islam. Overall, it can be assumed that main principles of Islam remain the same; however, people adjust religion to their lifestyle by introducing local features, and, apparently, these transformations positively affect actuality of Islam.

Computer-assisted translation Essay

A literal translation is a translation that follows closely the form of the source language. Also known as: | word-for-word translation| Literal translation, or directed translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another â€Å"word-for-word† (Latin: â€Å"verbum pro verbo†) rather than conveying the sense of the original. (This distinction is valid only when a literal translation does not accurately convey the sense, which is not invariably true.) Literal translation, or directed translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another â€Å"word-for-word† (Latin: â€Å"verbum pro verbo†) rather than conveying the sense of the original. (This distinction is valid only when a literal translation does not accurately convey the sense, which is not invariably true. ) In translation studies, â€Å"literal translation† denotes technical translation of scientific, technical, technological or legal texts. [1] In translation theory, another term for â€Å"literal translation† is â€Å"metaphrase†; and for phrasal (â€Å"sense†) translation — â€Å"paraphrase. † When considered a bad practice of conveying word by word (lexeme to lexeme, or morpheme to lexeme) translation of non-technical type literal translations has the meaning of mistranslating idioms,[2] for example, or in the context of translating an analytic language to a synthetic language, it renders even the grammar unintelligible. Term in translation studies Usage The term â€Å"literal translation† often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of classical, Bible and other texts. Cribs Literal translations (â€Å"cribs,† â€Å"ponies†, or â€Å"trots†) are sometimes prepared for a writer who is translating a work written in a language he does not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used a literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante’s Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. [citation needed] Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of several Russian novels. [citation needed]. Poetry to prose Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however, a great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse, but also be error free. Charles Singleton’s translation of The Divine Comedy (1975) is regarded as a prose translation. As a bad practice  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Literal† translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to convey, for example, correct idioms or shades of meaning. Examples A literal English translation of the German word â€Å"Kindergarten† would be â€Å"children garden,† but in English the expression refers to the school year between pre-school and first grade. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in the target language (a process also known as â€Å"loan translation†) are called calques, e.g. , â€Å"beer garden† from German â€Å"Biergarten. † Literal translation of the Italian sentence, â€Å"So che questo non va bene† (â€Å"I know that this is not good†), produces â€Å"Know(I) that this not goes(it) well,† which has English words and Italian grammar. Machine translation Early machine translations (as of 1962[3] at least) were notorious for this type of translation as they simply employed a database of words and their translations. Later attempts utilized common phrases which resulted in better grammatical structure and capture of idioms but with many words left in the original language. For translating synthetic languages, a morphosyntactic analyzer and synthesizer is required. The best systems today use a combination of the above technologies and apply algorithms to correct the â€Å"natural† sound of the translation. In the end though, professional translation firms that employ machine translation use it as a tool to create a rough translation that is then tweaked by a human, professional  translator. Pidgins Often, first-generation immigrants create something of a literal translation in how they speak their parents’ native language. This results in a mix of the two languages in something of a pidgin. Many such mixes have specific names, e. g. Spanglish or Germish. For example, American children of German immigrants are heard using â€Å"rockingstool† from the German word â€Å"Schaukelstuhl† instead of â€Å"rocking chair†. Mistranslations Literal translation of idioms is a source of numerous translators’ jokes and apocrypha. The following famous example has often been told both in the context of newbie translators and that of machine translation: When the sentence â€Å"The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak† (Ð ´Ã'Æ'Ã'… Ð ±Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'€, Ð ¿Ã »Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ¶Ã µ Ð ½Ã µÃ ¼Ã ¾Ã'‰Ð ½Ã °, an allusion to Mark 14:38) was translated into Russian and then back to English, the result was â€Å"The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten† (Ã' Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã'€Ã'‚, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ'‡Ð ½Ã ¾, Ð ³Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ², Ð ½Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã' Ã' Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'…Ð »Ã ¾). This is generally believed to be simply an amusing story, and not a factual reference to an actual machine translation error. [4] Rating Scales for Narrative (open-ended or constructed) Questions Question: secretarial experience 76| Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive independent secretarial/clerical experience (may be more than approximately five years). Candidate has extensive experience dealing with a wide variety of complex issues relative to challenges encountered in the secretarial/clerical work environment. Candidate provides specific details with respect to the diversity of tasks/projects they were involved in, and his/her roles and responsibilities. Candidate’s response is thorough and complete and completely addresses the question. | 543| QualifiedCandidate has adequate independent secretarial/clerical experience (may be approximately three to four years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of complex issues relative to challenges encountered in the secretarial/clerical work environment; however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidate’s response is complete and addresses the question. | 21| Limited QualificationCandidate has limited independent secretarial/clerical experience (may be less than approximately three years). Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the question. Candidate’s response may not be clear or complete. Candidate’s experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. | Question: social services experience. 76| Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience providing professional level social services (may be more than approximately four years). Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of issues relative to providing these services. Candidate provides specific details with respect to the services they have provided, the diversity of tasks/projects completed, and his/her role and responsibility. Candidate’s response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. | 543| QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience providing professional level social services (may be approximately three to four years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to providing these services; however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidate’s response is complete and addresses all of these areas. | 21| Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience providing professional level social services (may be less than approximately three years), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the outlined areas of the question. Candidate’s response may not be clear or complete. Candidate’s experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. | Question: experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting 76| Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be approximately two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of tasks in this setting, including basic cleaning and maintenance. Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role in providing service. Candidate’s response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. | 543| QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be approximately one year). Candidate has experience dealing with the most important tasks (e. g. , perimeter patrol); however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidate’s response is complete and adequately addresses the question. | 21| Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be less than one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidate’s response may not be clear or complete. Candidate’s experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. | Question: interview experience 76| Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience interviewing clients to gather information (may be more than approximately two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of individuals in a range of situations and specifically identifies the communication medium (e. g. , telephone, in-person). Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, purpose of interview, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role. Candidate’s response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. | 543| QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience interviewing clients to gather information (may be approximately one to two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to interviewing; however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidate’s response is complete and addresses all of these areas. | 21| Limited QualificationCandidate lacks  adequate experience conducting interviews with clients (may be less than approximately one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidate’s response may not be clear or complete. Candidate’s experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. | Question: customer service experience 76| Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive customer service experience (may be more than approximately three years). Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of individuals in a range of situations (including communicating with difficult and/or hostile customers/clients). Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, purpose of customer service, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role in providing service. Candidate’s response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. | 543| QualifiedCandidate has adequate customer service experience (may be approximately one to two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to providing customer service; however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidate’s response is complete and addresses all of these areas. | 21| Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience providing customer service (may be less than approximately one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidate’s response may not be clear or complete. Candidate’s experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. | Semantic differential scale http://edutechwiki. unige. ch/en/Semantic_differential_scale#Examples Attitude scale for a web site (S. Kim MacGregor and Yiping Lou) * boring-interesting * meaningless-meaningful * important-unimportant, * informative-uninformative * disorganized-organized * easy-difficult Websites From UPA’s web maintenance and design, retrieved April 11, 2011. The XXX association whose web site looks like this is: Unfriendly__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Friendly Amateurish__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Professional Ineffective__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Effective Dull__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Interesting Outdated__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Up-to-date Serious __1__2__3__4__5__6__7 Fun Weak__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Strong This visual design is: Cluttered__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Simple Unbalanced__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Balanced Unpleasant__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Pleasant Delicate__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Bold Confusing__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Clear Self report NURSING EXPERTISE SELF-REPORT SCALE Please circle the answer that best describes you. * 1. I am an: RN Other * 2. My job is: Staff nurse Assistant Nurse Manager Other * 3. Length of time since graduating as an RN: Under 6 months 6 * months to 3 years More than 3 years * 4. Length of time working on your unit:: Under 6 months 6 months to * 3 years More than 3 years * 5. Previous experience in nursing prior to graduating as an RN: Under * 6 months 6 months to 3 years More than 3 years The following is a list of statements about nursing care. Please circle the number that best represents your agreement with the statement. 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. Unsure 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree * 1. I often know ahead of time that my patient will take a turn for the worse. 1 * 2. I frequently draw on past experiences when making patient care decisions. 2 * 3. Quality nursing care results from strictly adhering to policy and procedure. 5 * 4. When I do patient care, only a few pieces of information stand out as critically important. 2 * 5. I am consciously aware of the process of decision making in patient care. 1 * 6. Emotional attachments get in the way of good nursing care. 5 * 7. When something goes wrong with my patient, I seem to know automatically what to do. 2 * 8. Sometimes I find it difficult to identify objective reasons for certain patient care decisions. 2 * 9. The best way to give good nursing care is to get close to the patient. 2 * 10. I find it time consuming to set priorities in patient care. 5 * 11. I make my best decisions about patient care when I remain objective. 4 * 12. In an emergency, things happen so quickly that I don’t know what to do. 5 * 13. I base my patient care decisions more often on the rules that I learned in nursing school than on my experience in patient care. 5 * 14. It seems obvious to me what things need to be done first for my patients. 2 * 15. I use facts such as lab values and vital signs as my main source of information for making patient care decisions. 5 * 16. I usually require a lot of information about a patient care situation before I am comfortable with making a decision. 4 * 17. I do my best nursing care when I become truly involved with the patient. 1 * 18. I am comfortable with altering standard patient care procedures when I see the need. 3 * 19. Sudden patient care emergencies usually come as a complete surprise to me. 5 * 20. Most often I find myself relying on gut feelings when it comes to patient care. 5 Source: Reprinted with permission from G. Garland, Self-Report of Competence, Journal of Nursing Staff Development, Vol. 12, No. 4, p. 197, 1996, Lippincott-Raven. http://www. research-paper-example. com/nursing-self-report-scale. html http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Example_Likert_Scale. svg Administering the thurstone scale Here is the final form. The respondents check only the statements with which they agree. The average ratings by the judges are shown in parentheses. These would not be included on the actual form given to respondents. Note that the more positive statements have a higher weight. This is a scale to measure your attitude toward marijuana. It does not deal with any other drug, so please consider that the items pertain to marijuana exclusively. We want to know how students feel about this topic. In order to get honest answers, the questionnaires are to be filled out anonymously. Do not sign your name. Please check all those statements with which you agree. | ___| 1. | I don’t approve of something that puts you out of a normal state of mind. (3.0) | ___| 2. | It has its place. (7. 1) | ___| 3. | It corrupts the individual (2. 2) | ___| 4. | Marijuana does some people a lot of good. (7. 9). | ___| 5. | Having never tried marijuana, I can’t say what effects it would have. (6. 0) | ___| 6. | If marijuana is taken safely, its effect can be quite enjoyable. (8. 9) | ___| 7. | I think it is horrible and corrupting. (1. 6) | ___| 8. | It is usually the drug people start on before addiction. (4. 9) | ___| 9. | It is perfectly healthy and should be legalized. (10. 0) | ___| 10. | Its use by an individual could be the beginning of a sad situation. (4. 1) | http://psychology. ucdavis. edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/scaling/enrich/thurstone. html Iba ang Pinoy ni Princess O. Canlas Ang Pilipinas ay binubuo ng iba’t ibang lalawigan, at bawat lalawigan ay may kanya-kanyang bernakular. Ngunit iba-iba man ang salita, iba-iba mang lugar ang kinalakihan, iisa lang ang ugat na pinagmulan. Tayo ay Pilipino. Mahirap malaman kung ang isang tao ay Pilipino nga o hindi sa kasalukuyang panahon. Sapagkat ang iba sa atin ay mas nananalantay ang dugong banyaga. At kung minsan pa’y mahirap ding alamin sa kanilang gamit na wika. May maitim at mayroon namang maputi. May matangos ang ilong at mayroon namang sarat. May matangkad at mayroon din namang pandak. Ngunit isang katangian ang nagbubuklod sa mga Pilipino upang sila’y makilala mo at masabing: â€Å"IBA ANG PINOY! † Ang pagkakawanggawa ay may taglay na iba’t ibang katangian. Sapagkat ang taong mapagkawanggawa ay masasabi ring matulungin sa kapwa, magalang, mabait, mapagbigay, mapagpaumanhin, mapagtimpi, o mapang-unawa. At ang pagkakawanggawang ito ang makikita sa mga Pilipino. Isang katangiang higit sa kayamanan. Mapapansin hanggang sa kasalukuyan na ang Pinoy ay may kusang loob na pagtulong sa mga taong nasa kanyang paligid, kilala man niya ang mga ito o hindi. Sa lansangan, ang mga bata ay tinutulungang makatawid nang matiwasay. Ang matatanda ay inaalalayan sa kanilang paglalakad. Ang maraming dala-dalahan ay tinutulungan sa pagbibitbit. Ang mga hindi sinasadyang mahulog na bagay ay pinupulot upang iabot. Ang mga upuan sa pampublikong sasakyan ay ipinagkakaloob ng mga kalalakihan sa matatanda o sa kababaihan. Pagbibigay ng pagkain sa mga nagugutom. Pagbabahagi sa mga nangangailangan. Pagtanggap sa mga bisita nang may sigla, paghahain ng pagkain kahit kung minsan ay wala ng matira para sa kanila. At minsan nama’y pag-ako sa mga gawaing naiwan ng iba. At ang lahat ng mga ito ay ginawa ng kusang-loob at hindi napilitan lamang. Iyan ang Pinoy. Likas sa mga Pilipino ang pagkakawanggawa. At ang kalikasang ito ay dapat ingatan at pagyamanin pa. Nababatid ba natin na ang katangiang ito ay nakapagkukubli ng mga pagkukulang na ating nagawa sa mata ng Diyos? Sa iyong paggawa ng kabutihan, maaring may mga pagkakataon na ika’y hindi napasalamatan o nginitian man lamang ng iyong tinulungan. At ang iyong ginawa akala mo’y walang saysay o walang kabuluhan. Ngunit may Isang higit sa lahat ay nakakaalam. At Siya ang tanging makapagsusukli sa iyong kabutihan. Ang paggawa ng kabutihan sa kapwa ay may katumbas na gantimpala sa Panginoon. Ngunit hindi man natin makamit ang biyayang iyon dito sa lupa, makasisiguro tayong sa langit ay ipagkakaloob ng Diyos ang gantimpala. Tayo’y mga Pilipino, at nananalantay rin sa ating ugat ang dugong Kristiyano. Ang pagkakawanggawa ay patuloy nating ihandog o ibahagi sa ating kapwa. At hayaang ang ibang bansa ang magsabing, Pinoy ay dakila!

20 Essay Topics About Abortion

20 Essay Topics About Abortion If you are tasked with writing a controversial abortion essay, you may be unsure of where to start or what makes for a viable topic. Below you will find 20 useful topics that can be used as a potential topic for your assignment. Make sure you review the details of your assignment first to ensure that the topic you select complies: Rates of Women Having Abortions after Already Having a Child in an Area of Your Choice. The Safety of Online Medical Services Offering Abortion Information and Medication for Women Whose Country Has No Such Service. The Necessity of Confirming Pregnancies before and after Abortions. Contraceptive Failures and Abortion. Demographics of Women Seeking Abortions in an Area of Your Choice. Age Breakdown of Women Seeking Abortions in an Area of Your Choosing. Whether Religion Limits the Safe Access to Abortions. Financial Background of Women Seeking Abortions in an Area of Your Choice. Religious Identification of Women Seeking Abortions in an Area of Your Choice. Medications and Pain Management for Abortions. Safe Post-Abortion Follow up Procedures. What to Do When Medical Abortions Are Incomplete. The Reliability of Medical Abortions. The Reliability of Surgical Abortions. When to Terminate the Pregnancy So That It is the Safest. What Abortion Procedures Are Recommended for Which Gestation Periods. Current Laws on Abortion in a Country of Your Choosing. Most Common Reasons Women Seek Abortions around the World. Correlation between Low Income Women’s Abortion Rights and High Instance of Rape. How Safe and Immediate Access to Abortion Services Can Reduce HIV Transmission and Help Reduce Complicated Pregnancies. Well, given that it can still be a bit challenging to understand how to write a controversial essay on abortion worldwide, we’ve prepared important facts that add up to these topics. There are writing tips on controversial essays as well, so don’t hesitate to use them. Below is a sample essay on one of the topics above: Sample Controversial Essay on the Safety of Abortion Techniques The issue of safe access to abortion is one which remains a high priority for the World Health Organization, and many other organizations because it is severely limited around the world and in some cases unsafe or less-than-ideally-safe situations arise. There are safe ways to induce abortion in multiple periods of gestation. Women who are in specific periods of their pregnancy can safely and effectively terminate their abortions through medical or surgical procedures. However, in some cases women are not granted access to the safe services they require when they require them. Because each technique is based on a time period for gestation, getting services immediately is imperative for women. There are still countries which do not have the available services either because they lack the funding or the qualified doctors or because their laws prohibit such services. In order to combat such situations, websites have risen up offering confidential services to women online to meet the dem and, but the question of safety in these techniques has remained a controversial subject within an already controversial topic. Based on the gestation period, women have two options for their abortions: surgical or medical. For the surgical procedure, a vacuum is used to remove the fetus. This is an in-house procedure which requires proper surgical tools and equipment. This is the recommended procedure for gestation between 12 and 14 weeks. It is also the last legal resort in places like the United States for abortions due to medical complications beyond that time period. If a medical abortion is incomplete, this is the alternative option used. For the medical abortion there are two medications, the first of which is taken orally and the second of which is either taken orally or vaginally depending on how far along the gestation is. If the gestation is under 9 weeks, it can be taken orally 24-48 hours after the first medication. If the gestation is between 9 and 12 weeks it is taken vaginally 36-48 hours after the first medication. Women under 9 weeks can opt for the surgical method if they so choose, but the medical method is recommended first. The websites which offer these services will only provide them in countries where the women cannot access what they need. There are still countries which do not have the available services either because they lack the funding or the qualified doctors or because their laws prohibit such services. In any case, the websites will allow women to either locate appropriate services in their country, or seek services through the mail. In these cases, time is truly of the essence because the medical abortion is the only abortion method which can be administered via mail. The service will confidentially send the necessary instructions and medications and complete follow up services online for those in need. Of course, if there are delays in the arrival of the package, or a potential complication, the women must seek immediate and local help in their country which might bring with it further improper care or potential legal complications if what they did was against the country’s laws. The medication provided is done so after the women confirm they are pregnant. It is recommended by the site that the women obtain a blood test (something often completely legal and safe in countries who do not have abortion services). This in tandem with a urine test can confirm the pregnancy and the gestation period. With this information, women can access the appropriate medication for their situation. The potential for unsafe techniques in this case lies with the validity of the results and the validity of what the women report. But this risk remains the same regardless of where the woman is located. The other issue is that the women may not take the medication properly, something which, again, is an issue no matter where they are located. That being said, the potential unsafe abortions offered by such services run the same risks as any other service and are therefore just as safe and effective as any other service. References: Currie, Stephen.  Abortion. San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Print. Merino, Noël.  Abortion. Print. Mohr, James C.  Abortion In America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Print. Noonan, John Thomas.  A Private Choice, Abortion In America In The Seventies. New York: Free Press, 1979. Print. Olasky, Marvin N.  Abortion Rites. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossways Books, 1992. Print. Omran, Abdel R.  Liberalization Of Abortion Laws. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1976. Print. Podell, Janet.  Abortion. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1990. Print.

Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals

Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period, and her success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, Realistic, and Time-limited.   Behavioral objectives, as opposed to goals linked to diagnostic tools such as tests, are often the best way to define progress for mild to severely mentally disabled children. Behavioral goals show clearly if the student is benefiting from the efforts of the support team, from teachers to school psychologist to therapists. Successful goals will show the student generalizing the skills learned in various settings into his daily routine. How to Write Behavior-Based Goals Behavior goals are statements that will describe no more than three things about the individuals behavior.They will state precisely the behavior to be exhibited.  Describe how often and how much the behavior is to be exhibited.Indicate the specific circumstances under which the behavior will occur. When considering desirable behavior, think about verbs. Examples could be: feed self, run, sit, swallow, say, lift, hold, walk, etc. These statements are all measurable and easily defined. Lets practice writing a few behavioral goals using some of the above examples. For feeds self, for example, a clear SMART goal might be: Student will use a spoon without spilling food on five attempts to feed. For walk, a goal might be: Student will walk to the coat rack at recess time without assistance. Both of these statements are clearly measurable and one can determine if the objective is being met successfully or not. Time Limits An important aspect of the SMART goal for behavior modification is time. Specify a time limit for the behavior to be achieved. Give students a number of attempts to complete a new behavior, and allow for some attempts to not succeed. (This corresponds to an accuracy level for the behavior.) Specify the number of repetitions that will be required and state the accuracy level. You can also specify the level of performance you are looking for. For example: student will use a spoon without spilling food. Set the conditions for the pinpointed behaviors. For example: Student will eat meals, using a spoon without spilling food on at least five attempts at lunch time. Student will  motion for the teachers attention after a task has been completed when the teacher is NOT busy with another student. In summary, the most effective techniques for teaching students with mental disabilities or developmental delays come from changing behaviors. Behaviors are easily evaluated in students for whom diagnostic tests are not the best option. Well-written behavior objectives can be one of the most useful tools for planning and evaluating the exceptional students educational goals. Make them a part of the successful Individualized Education Plan.

Katzs Business Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Katzs Business Strategy - Case Study Example Further, the Firms 6 mission strategies ensure that the company remains innovative to cater for the emerging needs of the customers, while also being readily accessible to help the businesses whenever they need the company’s help (Katz, Sapper & Miller, n.d.). Katz’s business strategy: â€Å"Don’t just have clients; have partnered for life† means that businesses are treated as relationship partners since they are treated in a way that makes them feel valued by the company. Katz, Sapper & Miller ensure superior customer service and client satisfaction through looking into the factors that are affecting their clients' businesses, beyond just the accounting information, and helping such businesses come up with strategies for addressing such issues. They offer superior customer service by helping the clients business understand the likely problems it could face in advance and thus prevent such problems from occurring (Ananth, n.d.). The company is interested in the success of the businesses it serves, and operates on the basis of integrity, thus serving its customers well. The managing partner ensures that there is a strict adherence to the federal regulatory and ethical requirements, through ensuring that the employees stick to the company’s code of conduct and the rules guiding the accounting, audit and tax operations, which are in line with the federal regulatory requirements (Bill, n.d.). Any differences in opinions or any impasse that might occur between clients and company consultants are addressed through negotiations, which ensure that an agreeable conclusion is reached by the parties involved. The management process of KSM, to attract high-level employees, entails a rigorous recruitment process that sifts the most talented, motivated and visionary employees, who are capable of steering the vision of the company ahead.  Ã‚  

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary Analysis - Essay Example Through the character played by Tala, Mitch acknowledges the theme that â€Å"In life there are no random acts.† When Eddie –the main character- set fire to the prisoner of war camp, he had it in the back of his mind that he saw a kid in the camp. The event had haunted Eddie throughout his life and even he would have nightmares at times at the thought of killing a child. For this act, Mitch calls for the need of Christians to take ample responsibility for all their actions. Mitch teaches â€Å"lives are sacrificed for the sake of saving others.† Eddie’s captain had promised that he would never leave his soldiers behind during the Second World War. The promissory ends up costing The Captain his life as he was being held captive at the prisoner of war camp. Was it not for The Captain’s sacrifice, three of his soldiers –including Eddie- could have died over a landmine. Finally, of all the themes that â€Å"I Am My Brother’s Keeper† ministry believes in, love binds the believers most: And Mitch procures this message through his character Ruby. At heaven, Ruby could be a lot older. However, the love for his husband; Emile, still stood strong. Through Ruby and Emile’s love, Eddie –and all the believers- learn that life may end but love will endure forever. â€Å"Love is powerful,† and whoever believes in it secures eternal

Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Joyce Carol Oates - Essay Example The paper tells that born in 1938, Joyce’s writing was evident even at the age of 15 when her first novel was rejected due to its ‘dark’ way of characterizing things. Joyce’s style appeared to be extraordinarily unfamiliar, and her gates of writing opened further after completing a master’s program at Wisconsin University.   Her work showed a lot of creativity, and this showed the perfect relationship between humans, and also showing better approach to humankind in terms of rape, murder and mysterious existence. It is witnessed in Tucson case that the story is showing us the very unfamiliar life of a girl, which surrounds a life hidden under the pillow. These provide the evidence that psychologically brings about killer sin the hands of her life, and it also proofs evidence of desires, love, and existence. The changing life is full of dreams and youngster existence which is thought to be comprised of sexual desires and whose Joyce Oates analysis pr ovides full idea about the killer scene. This fully reflects uncertainties in her life, and her story shows ironies that are nonetheless full of her personal inertia in both the real world and the original standing of her life. Oates capture in the street life is surrounded by narcissism, viciousness, and cheapness which are a non-existent belief in the life of excitement, unknown destination and above all, wilting fortunes that desperately involves astonishing actions and events.   Her future in the episode appears to go unnoticed, and†allocate the fatal attraction of death (or the devil) for a young woman who is seduced by her own vanity† has created shortfall in desires for sex, devil and symbolical mysteries. The craziness of life and the characteristic life embraces the staggering sense of sensation. From the â€Å"Shaggy black hair that like crazy as a wig...† changing problems of her life, she allocated herself a winding reality of hate, disuse of life an d characteristic disconnection with reality. While in Tucson’s understanding, Oates appear disconnected and the real images created appeared to be awkward and unrealistic. The Creation of a retelling Joyce life define the seemingly changing classic archetypes that are different from the existing phenomena and the different manner in which her thoughts are being retold again and again provides a repeated emphasis on humanity and the myriads of vices planted in the way. And this pessimism explores gruel mechanisms that that society is based. Ultimately, Propp, (1968) provides Joyce position amorality, imaginative war and serial killer dynamics. These dictated the retell and this also became the existing imagination that appeared to be incomprehensible and unpredictable. The elusive point of death and eroticism also provide obsessive characterization which reexamines Oates invasive victimization. This touches the shady romance and the tales, â€Å"Hawthornean, romantic, shading into parable†. The tale paradoxes the unromantic reality that explores the interventions and aggressive change in life defines powerful forces that are realistically comprised of people and a changing fortune which is historically examined by nature. The story is repeated in absolute show of the objective nature of passion, change and contemporary change. Johnson, (1994) in Joyce Oates characterizes the thoughtfulness of killers as a fairy tale and this also establishes the actual reality of individualistic measure that both extorts and makes blunders relative to the positive levels of life. For example, the character formation provided a relevant environment which maximizes a unit of people’s believes in protectionism and extreme life change. Equally, her views express expressions that equally exploit the humane nature of dangerous situations such as murder, drunkenness and extortion. How much of the story is ‘theirs’ – Where are you going This masterpiece of Joyce Carol Oates provides a special recognition of immediate reproach that mentions the past actions and hence develop a perhaps a renewed future. The

Students Social Lifestyle and First Year Average Exam Grade Essay Example for Free

Students Social Lifestyle and First Year Average Exam Grade Essay The Relationship between a Students Social Lifestyle and First Year Average Exam Grade Alternate Hypothesis: There is a relationship between a Students social lifestyle and their first year average exam grades Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between a Students social lifestyle and first year average exam grades Introduction The aim of my investigation is to find a significant relationship between a student’s first year academic grades and his or her social lifestyle. I can relate myself to this study as I am in the second year so it would be interesting to see if my first year grades were influenced by my social lifestyle. In this study I will consider one dependant variable, the exam grades and three independent variables which I believe are the main components of a student’s social lifestyle. These are alcohol consumption, the amount of hours on Facebook and the amount of hours of television watched. The more units of alcohol consumed, the lower a student’s grade would be I myself believe that this hypothesis is significant because alcohol is consumed normally before and during a night out. Nights out normally end at 3am in the morning. This means that the next morning the student will wake up tired with a possible hangover which leads to decreased concentration during lectures and the effects may also reduce motivation to even attend the lecture. Therefore as a result of this, the student may not work sufficiently enough to obtain a high grade. A study by Wood et al found that â€Å"A longitudinal study of 444 freshmen attending the University of Missouri found a significant cross-sectional association between heavy or problem drinking and academic problems.† (Wood et al., 1997) The more hours online on Facebook, the lower a student’s grade would be Facebook is a popular social networking website which is used by a large majority of students. Students that spend an excess amount of time on Facebook are missing out on time to study and revise. Therefore they have less time to prepare for their exams which will lead to them attaining lower grades. Kirschner and Karpinski carried out an experiment and â€Å"Results show that Facebook ® users reported having lower GPAs (Grade Point Averages) and spend fewer hours per week studying than nonusers.† (Paul A. Kirschner, Aryn C. Karpinski, 2010) The more hours of Television Watched, the lower a student’s grade would be We can presume that there is a link between the hours of television watched and a student’s grade. The reasons to this are as followed, if a student spends more time watching television they are dedicating less time to learning and revising. The students that watch less television may spend more time learning and therefore could perform better in exams obtaining a higher grade. Currently there has been no research in support of hours of television watched and a university student’s grade so this research would be a first in its field. Data and methodology The data collected has been obtained by using a survey. It contains answers from 82 second year undergraduate students from the Aston Business School. The questions were based on personal information, life style, family background, academic related information and other information. The answers that related to a student’s social lifestyle were then chosen to become variables for the research. In order to process the data, a programme called Stata which is an integrated statistical package for data analysis, will be used. It will enable the data to be viewed easily in the form of graphs, tables and numerical values. A problem that may occur in the study is the presence of heteroskedasticity. This only occurs in cross-sectional studies. We will carry out a heteroskedasticity test and if the probability shows a value quite far from 0 then heteroskedasticity is present. We will use the following methods to interpret the information: * Mean: The average number for the data * Standard Deviation: This creates a value that shows how dispersed the values are from their mean. The lower the standard deviation, the less dispersed the values are. * Min: shows the lowest value scored for the variable examined. * Max: Shows the highest value scored for the variable examined. * Correlation: Shows how strong the relationship between the two variables are. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, so does the other. A negative correlation means as one variable decreases, the other increases. Zero correlation means that the variables have no effect on each other. I am looking for negative correlations in my study which will be portrayed as a negative coefficient value * Regression analysis – Shows how the value of the dependant variable changes as one independent variable is varied and the others remain fixed. * P value – A means to test the hypothesis, at the significance level 5%, if the P value is equal to or lower than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected * R2 – Value used to see how much percentage the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. The more units of alcohol consumed, the lower a student’s first year average grade would be Table 2 shows that there is a positive correlation of 0.0947 between the students grade and alcohol consumption. This suggests that the students that consumed more alcohol scored higher grades. However, this data could be inaccurate because of possible anomalies. Graph 1 Graph 1 shows a scatter graph of average score for first year against units of alcohol consumed per week. A linear trend line has been added to display the positive correlation that exists between the two variables. It can be argued that the line is only slightly angled which portrays a weak positive correlation. It can also be seen that there is a large concentration where there has been little alcohol consumed but the grades vary enormously. The highest grade was 85. One of the students that achieved this drank 0 units a week, however the other that achieved it drank 14 units a week which is much larger than the mean of 6.71 units a week. A regression analysis was then carried out. Table 3 shows the statistical results obtained. The coefficient is 0.1057496, holding all other variables constant, means for every increase in unit of alcohol, there was a 0.1057496 increase in grades. The R2 shows a value of 0.009 which means only 0.9% of the students grades are explained by the units of alcohol consumption. Further the P-Value is larger than 0.05 at the 5% significance level which means the null hypothesis is accepted. Finally a heteroskedasticity test showed the value of 0.9975 which is larger than 0 suggesting that the relationship is heteroskedastic. It is generally believed that an increase in alcohol consumption would have led to reduced grades because of the effects alcohol has on your body such as reduced concentration. However, the results show a weak positive correlation which suggests that as alcohol consumption increased, grades also increased. These results could be conclusive to Aston Business Students as they all have a similar amount of work and follow similar timetables. In other courses, drinking the same amounts of alcohol may have a different effect on grades depending on how difficult the course is whether the course is exam dominated or coursework dominated. The more hours online on Facebook, the lower a student’s average grade would be Referring back to table 2, the correlation between the hours online on Facebook and a student grade is 0.1291. This also doesn’t conform to the hypothesis as it suggests that the more hours online on Facebook, the higher a student’s average grade would be. Graph 2 Here we can see clearly a positive correlation between the two variables. As hours online on Facebook rises, so do the students grades. However the anomaly which is at (75,80) could have an effect on the trend line causing it to become inaccurate. There is a large concentration of grades around 0 hours. However the grades vary a lot at this area. Table 4 shows the results of the regression analysis carried out on Stata. The coefficient was 0.1333656, holding all other variables constant. This implies that for every hour online on Facebook, there is a 0.1333656 increase in the average score of a student’s first year grades. The R2 value shows that 1.67% of the student’s grades are explained by the hours they spend online on Facebook. This again is small figure so there is a possibility that there is no real relationship between these two variables. The P-Value of 0.248 is larger than 0.05 at a 5% significance value which implies the null hypothesis should be accepted. The heteroskedasticity test showed a value of 0.4790 which is further than two showing that the relationship is heteroskedastic. In theory, the more hours online on Facebook would lead to reduced grades as it provides a distraction for revision and learning. However some students may use Facebook for work purposes such as an online study group. Roblyer et al stated that Facebook has â€Å"the potential to become a valuable resource to support their (students) educational communications and collaborations with faculty.† (Roblyer et al 2010). This shows that students are able to communicate with lectures via Facebook so may be able to get help on topics they are struggling with. This will show an increase in grades. Another reason for the results found is that Facebook allows students to take a break from their work leaving them feeling motivated to return to their work after they have rested so maybe a couple of hours on Facebook is beneficial. Overall the theory and the results do not conform. The null hypothesis will have to be accepted, however on a larger population, theory and results may conform. The more hours of Television Watched, the lower a student’s grade would be Referring back to table 2 shows that the coefficient between these two variables is -0.0569. This portrays a negative relationship meaning that as the hours of television watched are increased, the student’s average grade decreases. Graph 3 Graph 3 shows the relationship between the two variables and the trend line confirms a downward trend. It could be said that there are anomalies in this data at 20 hours of television watched, however 20 hours is possible and three people have reported to have watched 20 hours so in this case, it is justified as valid data. The samples are very spread out thought it can be viewed that a lot of students watch zero hours of television yet their grades varied from 44% to 85%. Similar results can be seen at 10 hours of television viewed per week. This evidence implies that there is no difference between hours of Television watched and the student’s first year average score. Regression analysis results for the two variables are displayed on table 5. The correlation coefficient shows a value of -0.1073295. This shows that there is a 0.1073295 decrease in a student’s average grade for every hour of television watched holding all other variables constant. The P-Value and R2 both show that there is little relationship between the variables. The P-Value is 0.612 which is much larger than 0.05 at the 5% significance level. This means that the null hypothesis is accepted. The R2 is 0.0032 which means that only 0.32% of students grade are explained by hours of television watched. Watching television in my view will reduce a student’s grades as, like Facebook, it provides a distraction towards learning and revision. Also most programmes are an hour long and this is a significant amount of time not to learn or revise particularly if the student watches 2 or 3 programmes in a row. However, MacLean and Roderick (1968) believe that television is â€Å" a new facility through which the teacher can better achieve traditional educational aims.† In university, lecturers can record their lectures and put them on the internet to be viewed anytime, if this is counted as a form of online TV then watching these type of programmes will be educational and may help the student to attain better grades. Conclusion With all the results obtained and analysed and after considering the theory behind the relationship between the variables, it can be concluded that only one of the three sub hypotheses could be confirmed. The first sub hypothesis aimed to find a relationship between a student’s average first year grade and the amount of alcohol consumed, however, due to a positive correlation it was concluded that, in this study, as alcohol consumption increased, so did the students grade. The next sub hypothesis aimed to find a relationship between a student’s average first year grade and the amount of hours on Facebook per week a student used. Again a positive correlation showed that, in this study, the more hours on Facebook, the higher a student’s average first year grade was. The last sub hypothesis aimed to find a relationship between hours of television watched per week and a student’s average grade. The positive correlation confirmed the relationship that the more hours of television watched, the lower a student’s average first year grade was. It must be taken into account that there may have been external factors also affecting the student’s grade that weren’t examined in this research. There were some problems in the data provided that may have caused inaccuracies in the studies. Firstly, the data was collected by means of a survey with multiple questions asked regarding many topics of the student’s life. A problem with using surveys is that people may lack the motivation to fill out the survey correctly and truthfully. Further, if a student doesn’t understand the question, they may just guess the answer which leads to inaccurate results. It is highly doubtful that a student would accurately measure his/hers unit of alcohol consumption nor would they time the hours they are on Facebook or hours watching television. It could be argued that all the data collected is based on approximation rather than accuracy and this reduces the validity of the research. Next, the sample size which consists of 82 people is too small to represent an entire population of students. Also, all the students used were business students. This might have had an effect on the grades achieved for the year and the amount of time the student could use for socializing. For other courses, it could be easier to achieve a higher grade with the same amount of alcohol drunk, time on Facebook and television watched. Finally, it was only students from Aston University who were surveyed which means students from other universities were not taken into account of. This questions the validity of this study and whether we can generalize it to an entire population. In my opinion, a much larger sample is needed to show a more accurate result. Too add to this, another survey should be conducted with a larger population and the only questions that should be asked are the ones that relate specifically to the variables in the hypothesis. This study allowed me to apply the statistical and analytical skills learnt in the econometrics module. I learnt how to use software to help provide statistics to achieve a conclusion to my hypothesis and sub-hypothesis. The study in my opinion was not a success due to the lack of data received. In this study, my hypothesis was not proven so I must accept the null hypothesis: There is no relationship between a Students social lifestyle and first year exam grades. However I believe if I could redo the study with a much larger sample size and only specific questions related to my variables, then the results would confirm my hypothesis. References Kirschner, P.A, Karpinski, A.C, 2010. Facebook ® and academic performance. Computers in Human Behaviour, [Online]. Volume 26 issue 6, 1237-1245. 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